Effect of female sex hormones on the vascular walls’ state (literature review) 

Mariya G. Fedorova, Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, head of the sub-department of clinical morphology and forensic medicine with the course of oncology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: fedorovamerry@gmail.com
Anastasiya V. Kozlova, Resident of the sub-department of clinical morphology and forensic medicine with the course of oncology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: patologian@yandex.ru
Nikita O. Tsyplikhin, Student, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: cyplikhin@mail.ru 

616-091 

10.21685/2072-3032-2021-1-12 

Today, the main cause of disability and mortality among the population of the Russian Federation is cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The etiological factor is played by such factors as: dyslipidemia and, as a consequence, atherosclerotic lesions of the walls of blood vessels; endothelial dysfunction and the associated tendency of muscle-type vessels to spasm; remodeling of the myocardium, etc. Every year in developed countries there is an increasing increase in the number of patients with cardiovascular pathology. Based on this, the study of the possibility of reducing the risk of CVD and slowing their development is one of the most urgent and priority areas in modern medical science and healthcare. In recent years, scientists are increasingly paying attention to the angio- and cardioprotective properties of sex hormones. Of these, the greatest focus is on estrogens research. This literature review describes many of the effects that have a positive effect on the activity of the cardiovascular system. These include: vasodilator; antiproliferative in relation to smooth myocytes of the vascular wall; antiapoptotic, antiadhesive, hypolipidemic, etc. The article describes the influence of these effects on the course of pathological processes in the myocardium and vascular wall. 

estrogens, sex hormones, atherosclerosis, myocardial remodeling 

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